The Umbrella Man

On the 48th anniversary of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, filmmaker Errol Morris released a short film called The Umbrella Man, which can be viewed on the New York Times website. In this film Errol Morris interviews Josiah “Tink” Thompson, author of Six Seconds in Dallas: A Micro-Study of the Kennedy Assassination, about a strange figure seen holding an umbrella in Dealey Plaza on the day of the assassination. On a beautiful sunny day, a man opened an umbrella just as the president’s motorcade passed by. Conspiracy theorists have long speculated about the role the Umbrella Man may have played in the assassination.

The Umbrella Man appears in Oliver Stone’s 1991 film JFK, which presents the assassination as a coup d’etat organized at the highest levels of the U.S. government. The Umbrella Man is shown a number of times in the film, and he appears to be providing some sort of signal to the assassins. In the version of the screenplay that appeared in JFK: The Book of the Film, Stone and fellow screenwriter Zachary Sklar make this explicit. In his courtroom speculation, Jim Garrison describes the events in Dealey Plaza. He tells the court that after the third shot is fired, “the umbrella man is signalling ‘He’s not dead. Keep shooting.’” Though this line didn’t make it into the theatrical release, the Umbrella Man is shown in the film acting in a sinister manner.

The Umbrella Man is also seen in an episode of the X-Files that includes the assassination of JFK. In “Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man“, the Smoking Man is shown as the real assassin, firing not from the Texas School Book Depository or from the Grassy Knoll, but from a storm sewer drain as the president’s motorcade passes by. From this position he relies on the Umbrella Man to signal when he should fire.

The X-Files is fiction, of course (right?), but Oliver Stone’s film is presented as fact, or at least as a plausible alternative to the Warren Commission’s ruling that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone. as Oliver Stone explains in the director’s commentary included on the DVD release of JFK,

I mean, so many weird stories. But the point is, it was military because it was precisely done, as Fletcher Prouty points out in detail. And so was the cover-up. And so was the confusion. That’s all you can do, is you can point up 99… 144 pieces of weird evidence in a film like this because it is a deconstruction of the Warren Commission. As I call it a counter-myth not a… to the myth of the Warren Commission. It was my counter-myth. All I can do is say, “here are 140 pieces of deconstruction,” and if someone says, “well I can prove you wrong here: 10, 11, 12.” Doesn’t matter… 4, 3, 2 times. Fine. But what about the other things you cannot disprove? Y’know, eyewitnesses. This, that. The weirdness of certain things. I mean so many weird things happened. Mathematically, you pile that into a computer, I think you have a million ot one chance of a lone shot… of a lone killer. It’s just too much, you see. Too much circumstantial and primary evidence.

Stone’s commentary is included on the following clip. Note the appearance of the Umbrella Man opening his umbrella (1:19) as if to signal that the assassination is “on”, pumping his umbrella within the view of the sniper on the Grassy Knoll (2:45), and continuing to hold his umbrella open until that assassin fires the shot that hits Kennedy in the head (3:30).

In The Umbrella Man, Errol Morris is not taking issue with Oliver Stone, but this film serves as a counter to the sort of logic Stone employs in the construction of his film. Oliver Stone presents a dizzying array of images of conspiracy. Stone suggests that a skeptic might be able to provde him wrong on individual points, but that does not diminish the general idea he is putting across. In Errol Morris’s film, however, Tink Thompson presents an alternative viewpoint, not against conspiracy, but about the nature of investigation itself.

In December 1967, John Updike was writing Talk of the Town for the New Yorker. And he spent most of that Talk of the Town column talking about the Umbrella Man. He said that his learning of the existence of the Umbrella Man made him speculate that in historical research there may be a dimension similar to the quantum dimension in phsycial reality. If you put any event under a microscope you will find a whole dimension of completely weird, incredible things going on. It’s as if there’s the macro level of historical research where things sort of obey natural laws and usual things happen and unusual things don’t happen. And then there’s this other level where everything is really weird.

In 1976 the U.S. House of Representatives established the House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) to investigate the recent assassinations of political figures including JFK. The HSCA released a photo of the Umbrella Man and asked the public to help locate him. Dallas resident Louie Steven Witt came forward, unaware that he had been a figure of controversy. In his testimony he described how he took the umbrella with him to Dealey Plaza to heckle the president. His protest was not against anything John F. Kennedy had done, but rather was directed at his father, Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., who had served as ambassador to the U.K. in the years leading up to World War II. Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., had supported Neville Chamberlain’s policy of “appeasement” toward Nazi Germany. Neville Chamberlain was often seen holding an umbrella, and the image of the umbrella became associated with appeasement. In this cartoon, David Low, cartoonist for the London Evening Standard, attached a label reading “appeasement” to an umbrella in the mouth of a tiger covered by swastikas.

Back and to the left… Back and to the left… Back and to the left…